卓越考研

I. Paraphrase the underlined part of the following sentences. (10 points)  1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.   
2. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, and above them won by observation.   
3. Unless the man exploit others, he has to work in order to live. Howerver simple and primitive his production may be, he has risen above the animal kindom; rightly has he been defined as ―animal that produces‖.  
4. Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.  
5. Even philosophy divorced from theology and from the knowledge of life and ascertainable facts, is but a famishing pabulum, or a draught stimulating for a moment, leaving behind drought and disillusion.  
II. Vocabulary and General Knowledge. (20 points) 
1. It was found the diet of older people is often ________in vitamins. A. shot    B. inadequate    C. deficient     D. failing  
2. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is ______ nonsense.  A. sheer    B. shear    C. shield     D. sheet  
3. I understand ______preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline. 
A. more than the enormous amount of   B. better than most the enormous number of  C. better than most the enormous amount of   D. fewer than the number of  
4. From the available data it may fairly be ______ that the writer flourished in the 15th century. 
A. presupposed   B. presumed    C. assumed    D. supposed  
5. I ______ to one daily newspaper and one weekly magazine. A. prescribe   B. subscribe   C. decretive    D. transcribe  
6. Her enthusiasm, and her violent likes and dislikes, _____ herself in all the everyday occupations of life.  
A. inserted    D. counseled    C. asserted    D. discerned  
7. Communication satellites contain special instruments which can pass on or ______ radio and television programs or telephone messages from one station to another. A. relay   B set    C return     D. emit  
8. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been _____ with the theoretical aspects of the subject. 
A. alternated   B. integrated   C. adjusted   D. embraced  
9. It is hoped that the prisoner will be released through the _______ of the president himself. 
A. convention    B. prevention    C. intervention    D. interference  
10. They began constructing the bridge in 1960, but several years _______ before the project was completed. 
A. elapsed    B. advanced    C. proceeded   D. compromise  
11. James Boswell is famous for his biography of _____. A. General Paoli B. Samuel Johnson C. Lord Chesterfield D. Bertrand Russell  
12. Which one of the following books is not written by Jane Austen? A. Pride and Prejudice B. Persuasion C. Emma D. Mrs. Dalloway  
13. Sigmund Freud is a _____. A. neuropsychologist B. writer C. biologist D. anthropologist  
14. Who wins Nobel Prize Laureate for literature among the following people? A. Johannes Kepler     B. Enric Fermi C. Samuel Beckett   D. Sigmund Freud  
15. The author of The Adventure of Tom Sawyer is _____. 
A. Henry James   B. Mark Twain   C. Thomas Carlyle   D. C. S. Lewis  
16. Which one of the following events was not a part of civil rights movement in 1960s? A. anti-terrorist    B. women‘s liberation movement C. the drug culture D. the Vietnam War  
17. Jean-Paul Sartre is the foremost exponent of _____. 
A. modernism   B. postmodernism  C. intuitionism  D. existentialism
18. The Greening of America is written by _____. A. Thorstein Veblen B. Charles Reich C. Joseph Brodsky D. Saul Bellow  
19. Eskimos call their houses as _____. 
A. tepees    B. igloos   C. huts   D. cottages  
20. The author of The Scarlet Letter is _____. A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Kenneth Clark C. Herman Melville D. Ernest Hemingway   
III. Error Correction. (10 points)  
1. Massachusetts was first explored in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and the  
                     A                            B              D first permanent settlement at Plymouth in 1620. D  
2. Composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II brought to the musical                                                                A 
Oklahoma! extensive musical and theatrical background as well as familiar with the                       B                                                  C               traditional forms of operetta and musical comedy. D 
3. Harvesting of grain is affected by annual changes in temperature or the amount of moisture,  
A     B        C                                           but both. D 
4. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.            A            B                             C         D  
5. The economy of Litue Rock, Arkansas, is basing primarily on manufacturing, wholesale and  
              A                      B                                  retail trade and government functions.    C             D  
6. How many people realize that Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings‘ The Yearling is a minor literary  
                    A                                              B
classic and an important contribute to regional literature?   C                   D  
7. Dams vary in size from small rock barriers to concrete structures many feet height.              A               B           C                      D      
8. Scientists estimate that as many as two hundred millions visible meteors enter the Earth‘s  
                         A               B                   C    atmosphere every day.              D  
9. In the early twentieth century, there was considerable interesting among sociologists in the  
                                                 A    
fact that in the United States the family was losing its traditional roles.      B                     C                  D       
10. Government money appropriated for art in the 1930‘s made possible hundreds of murals and 
                                A                            B 
statues still admiration in small towns all over the United States.             C                     D           
IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)                               TEXT A 
A few common misconception. Beauty is only skin-deep. One‘s physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to l**st. 
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically.  With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. 
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment Works something like this. They give each member of a group — college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers — a piece of paperrelating an individual‘s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. 
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.        
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men.  A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains. In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye.  On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to  conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive. 
1. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager ______. 
    A. a persons property or debts do not matter much 
    B. a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification     C. women should always dress fashionably 
    D. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded 
2. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ________.  A. people do not realize the importance of looking one‘s best 
B. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well    C. good looking women aspire to managerial positions 
   D. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not 
3. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes _______. 
   A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep    B. they do not usually act according to the views they support    C. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings 
   D. they tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments 4. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _______. 
A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are B. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well 
C. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well 
D. good looks are important for women as they are for men   
TEXT B 
To emphasize the stagnation and the narrowness of the society depicted in Jane Austin‘s novels is to take a narrow and mechanical view of them. Emma is not a period piece, nor is it what is sometimes called a "comedy of manners. "We read it to illuminate not only thepast but also the present. And we must face here in both its crudity and its importance a question. Exactly what relevance and helpfulness does Emma have for us today?  In what sense does a novel dealing skillfully and realistically with a society and its standards, which are dead and gone forever, have value in our very different world today?  Stated in such terms, the question itself is unsatisfactory.  If Emma today captures our imagination and engages our sympathies  (as, in fact, it does), then either it has some genuine value for us, or else there is something wrong with the way we give our sympathy and our values are pretty useless. 
Put this way, it is clear that anyone who enjoys Emma and then remarks ―but of course it has no relevance today‖ is, in fact, debasing  the novel, looking at it not as a living, enjoyable work of art but as a mere dead picture of a past society.  Such an attitude is fatal both to art and to life. It can be assumed that Emma has relevance. The helpful approach is to ask why this novel still has the power to move us today. 
What gives Emma its power to move us is the realism and depth of feeling behind Jane Austin‘s attitudes. She examines with a scrupulous  yet passionate and critical precision the actual problems of her world.  That this world is narrow cannot be denied. But the value of a work of art rests on the depth and truth of the experience it communicates, and such qualities cannot be identified with the breadth of the work‘s panorama(概要). A conversation between two people in a grocery store may tell us more about as world war than a volume of dispatches from the front. The silliest of all criticisms of Jan Austen is the one the blames her for not writing about the Battle of the Waterloo and French Revolution, which were in th4e headlines of the newspapers she read. She wrote about what she genuinely understood, and no artist can do more. 5. The main idea of the passage is that _______. A. a narrow view of Emma is natural and acceptable B. a novel should not depict a vanished society 
C. a good novel is an intellectual rather than an emotional experience D. Emma should be read with sensitivity and an open mind 
6. The author would probably disagree with those critics or readers who find that the society in Jane Austen‘s novels is ________. A. unsympathetic B. uninteresting C. crude 
D. authoritarian 
7. The author implies that a work of art is properly judged on the basis of its ________. A. universality of human experience truthfully recorded B. popularity and critical acclaim in its own age 
C. openness to varied interpretations, including seemingly contradictory ones D. avoidance of political and social issues of minor importance 
8. The author‘s attitude toward someone who ―enjoys Emma and then remarks ‗but of course it has no relevance today‘‖ can best be described as one of ______. A. amusement B. astonishment C. disapproval D. resignation Text C 
Joseph Jones had a criminal record, but he swore up and down that this time he was innocent. That's what the 36-year-old felon told a Los Angeles Superior Court judge last year, just moments before pleading guilty to selling cocaine. He received an eight-year sentence. On Wednesday, Jones walked out of California's Salinas Valley State Prison, his conviction overturned at the request of the Los Angeles District Attorney Gil Garcetti. Turns out, Jones really was innocent of the cocaine charge. 
     Jones‘ case is not all that unusual. In Los Angeles lately, it is the prosecutors who are asking that defendants be set free. The criminal justice system seems to have been turned inside out as authorities probe what might become the most widespread police corruption scandal in the city‘s history. ―I wouldn't say the system is in shambles, but it has certainly been seriously disrupted,‖ says Michael Judge, chief public defender for Los Angeles. A high-ranking police official who asked not to be named adds: ―I‘ve never seen anything like this before in Los Angeles. It's the kind of thing you hear about in other places. I don't know if we'll ever get over it.‖ 
     Police authorities say at least one officer has been fired, 11 placed on administrative leave, and one, Rafael Perez, has resigned, as allegations swirl that they stole contraband, lied, planted evidence, roughed up witnesses and kept a crash pad where they had sex with prostitutes. Perez admitted shooting an unarmed man, then framing him by planting a sem