卓越考研

2014年南京航空航天大学620基础英语考研真题，卓越考研特整理南京航空航天大学考研真题，为广大考生提供有效的信息支持。

I. Vocabulary (20 points)  
A. Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to write 
down your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)  
1. facetiously 
a) jokingly or jocularly b) playfully or joyfully c) painfully or irksomely d) indignantly or irately  
2. pejoratively a) peripherally b) phonetically c) disparagingly  d) diabolically  
3. derelict a) forbidden b) forsaken c) forecasted d) foredoomed  
4. perspicacious a) clear‐minded b) clear‐headed c) clear‐eyed d) clear‐sighted  
5. obsolescent a) discarded b) disabused c) distorted d) disaccredited  
6. vivacity 
a) animadversion b) animality c) animation d) animatism  
7.exuberance a) shortage b) scarcity  c) luxury d) luxuriance  
8.anomalous a) normal b) abnormal c) original d) aboriginal 
9. ululate a) lament b) shriek  c) screech 
d) scream 
10. claustrophobia 
a) Abnormal enjoyment of being in enclosed spaces 
b) Abnormal enjoyment of being in open spaces c) Abnormal fear of being in enclosed spaces 
d) Abnormal fear of being in open spaces 
 
B. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)  
1. turn his back on the Eiffel Tower as a protest against the architectural blasphemy… 
2. The general reaction to the apparent end of the era of cheap fossil fuel, as to other readily foreseeable 
curtailments, has been to delay any sort of reckoning. 
3. The thing takes up an entire city block, and somehow they can’t see it. It’s too implausible.  
4. The bacteria of decay then die off, for they must have oxygen to survive. The entire aquatic cycle 
collapses.  
5. …a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, 
unending, and unpredictable battle.  
6. It is between Admass and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies 
of dollars…  
7. “It was hot, yet with a sweet languor about it”（Theodore Dreiser）.  
8. The bankers and the admen, the marketing specialists and thousand well‐paid ancillary service people 
set the city’s brittle tone.  
9. Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to enlist early and 
who dad generally seen a considerable amount of action.  
10. to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request.   
II. Cloze (20 points)  
A. Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the required 
word on the answer sheet. (10 points)  
Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate people to buy a   1  . For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that   2   in a box with a picture of a TV   3  . The child is more interested in the   4   than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color   5   cut out, games printed on a   6  , or small gifts inside a box also   7   many children to buy products — or to ask their parents for them. 
Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for   8  . Food products sold in reusable containers   9   examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain   10   might cost less, people often prefer to   11   the product in a reusable glass or dish,   12   they believe the container is free.   13  , the cost of the container is added   14   the cost of the product. 
The   15   of a package also motivates a buyer. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least   16  . But that is not always true. A buyer has to find out   17   the product is sold and 
the price of the basic unit.  
The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing   18   any buyer to remember is   19   a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the   20    story. Only the product inside can do that. 
   
B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)  
account commuter destination difference dwarf fresh generate grocery high‐strung incomparable indignity inevitable intense manuscript passion quest restlessness solidity spit whether  
There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and  1  . Second, there is the New York of the   2   — the city that is devoured by locusts each day and   3   out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in   4   of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last — the city of final   5  , the city that is a goal. It is this third city that   6   for New York’s   7   disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its   8  achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal   9  ; natives give it   10   and continuity; but settlers give it   11  .  
  12   it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small   13   store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the   14   of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a   15   in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no   16  ; each embraces New York with the   17   excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the   18   eyes of an adventurer, each   19   heat and light to   20   the Consolidated Edison Company.  
 
III. Error correction (20 points)  
Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.   
Example: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨ most fascinating voice!”       the            
The primary consideration in achieving a balanced diet is either how much   1         or how little we eat, but which we eat. Basically we need carbohydrates, protein,  
2         fat, vitamins and minerals, altogether with regular but not excessive exercise. 3            Carbohydrates are found in foods such like bread, potatoes and sugar. They  4          are excellent energy producers, but if eating to excess may be largely converted  5          to fat and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates is one of the obvious way 6          to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of it anyway. 7            Protein found in meat and cheese are used for tissue building and the   8         
recommending minimum consumption is 70g a day. Animal fats are also good  9         resources of energy, but are sometimes held to cause increased cholesterol  10         levels in the blood and are therefore best avoided by people suffer from heart  11         disease, vegetable fats are recommended as a substitute. 
12           Vitamins are other essential requirement for health. There are about forty  13         known vitamins, but the most generally referred are A, B, C, D and E. Lack of 14         Vitamin A, found in carrots, liver, etc., is alleging to affect the vision and the  15         skin. Vitamin C, found in nearly all fruits, particular oranges and other citrus 16         fruit, has come to be regarded as effectively in the prevention of cold.  17         Among the minerals we need, the most important are calcium, iron and   
iodine. Milk is one of the richest sources of calcium, which help to build our 18         bones and our teeth. Deficiency of iron in the blood produces anaemia and   
children and others suffering from anaemic conditions have generally advised to 
19         increase their intake of iron, what may be found in liver, lentils, and dates  20        among other foods. 
 
  
IV. Paraphrase （30 points）  
Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.  
1. Conversation is not for making a point.  
2. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.  3. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.  
4. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.  5. New York constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.  
6. the faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.  7. Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…  
8. her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible.  9. The reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.  10. Science is committed to the universal.   
V. General Knowledge (20 points) 
a. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points) 
 
1. The primary medium of language is ______. A. Speech sound B. vocabulary C. discourse D. Grammar   
2. On the Road is a representative work of____. 
A. William Carlos Williams B. Muriel Spark C. Margret Atwood D. Jack Kerouac   
3.  Generative‐transformational grammar contains two sets of rules. They are _______. A. phrase‐structure rules and transformational rules B. generative rules and transformational rules C. generative rules and phrase‐structure rules D. syntactic rules and transformational rules  
4. A Rose for Emily, written by ____, recounts the story of an eccentric spinster in the South of USA. A. Katherine Anne Porter B. William Faulkner C. Zadie Smith D. Alice Walker   
5.  Which of the following is not an alveolar consonant phoneme? A. /t/ B. /s/ C. /n/ D. /Ѳ/  
6. _______， the 2007 Nobel Prize Winner for Literature, is a Persian‐born, Rhodesian (now Zimbabwe) ‐raised British novelist who died in 2013. A. Doris Lessing  B. Erich Segal 
C. Seamus Heaney D.AugustWilson  
7. Which of the following is not a branch of general linguistics? A. Phonology 
B. Psycholinguistics C. Syntax D. Semantics   
8. Who is described by Mark Twain as a boy with "a sound heart and a deformed conscience?"  A. Tom Sawyer    
B. Huckleberry Finn    C. Jim    D. Tony   
9. What is the smallest unit in meaning system of a language that can be distinguished from other smaller units? A. word B. lexicon
C. lexeme D. morphem  
10. Who is the author of the work: "The Grapes of Wrath"? A. John Steinbeck    B. Eugene O'Neil    C. F. Scott Fitzgerald    D. Theodore Dreiser  
b. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in 
plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)  
1.   coherence  2.   government  3.   morpheme  4.   lateralization  5.   phoneme 6.   theme 
7.   connotation 8.   motif 
9.   foreshadow 10.  plot  
VI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)  
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet. 
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